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Quilotoa

カルデラ · Ecuador · 3914m

Quilotoa is a truncated, forested dacitic cone containing a steep-walled, 3-km-wide caldera filled by a 250-m-deep lake. Lava domes form the caldera's perimeter and occupy its floor. Its most recent large eruption about 800 years ago produced voluminous pyroclastic flows, lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and one of the largest airfall-tephra deposits of the northern Andes. Reports of historical eruptions from the caldera lake are somewhat ambiguous. Fumaroles are present on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the eastern flank.
Quilotoa is a truncated, forested dacitic cone containing a steep-walled, 3-km-wide caldera filled by a 250-m-deep lake. Lava domes form the caldera's perimeter and occupy its floor. Its most recent large eruption about 800 years ago produced voluminous pyroclastic flows, lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and one of the largest airfall-tephra deposits of the northern Andes. Reports of historical eruptions from the caldera lake are somewhat ambiguous. Fumaroles are present on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the eastern flank. · 写真: Photo by Minard Hall, 1973 (Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito). · Wikimedia Commons
タイプ
カルデラ
国
Ecuador
地域
South America Volcanic Regions / Northern Andean Volcanic Arc
標高
3914m
座標
-0.859, -78.904
最終噴火
1280年
テクトニクス環境
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
火山地形
Caldera
主要岩石
Dacite
地質学的概要

Quilotoa is a truncated, dacitic cone in the Western Cordillera of Ecuador, 35 km WNW of the city of Latacunga, that contains a 3-km-wide caldera with steep-sided walls that rise 400 m above the surface of 240-m-deep caldera lake. Multiple lava domes are present along the caldera's perimeter. This small volcano has produced eight major explosive eruptions during the past 200,000 years. Its most recent major eruption about 800 radiocarbon years ago produced voluminous pyroclastic flows, lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and one of the largest airfall-tephra deposits of the northern Andes. Formation of the caldera was followed by extrusion of a small lava dome. Reports of observed eruptions from the caldera lake are somewhat ambiguous. Fumaroles are present on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the E flank.

Wikipedia の要約

英語版の要約

Quilotoa is a water-filled crater lake and the most western volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes. The 3-kilometre-wide (2 mi) caldera was formed by the collapse of this dacite volcano following a catastrophic VEI-6 eruption about 800 years ago, which produced pyroclastic flows and lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and spread an airborne deposit of volcanic ash throughout the northern Andes. This last eruption followed a dormancy period of 14,000 years and is known as the 1280 Plinian eruption. The fourth eruptive phase was phreatomagmatic, indicating that a crater lake was already present at that time. The caldera has since accumulated a 250-metre-deep (820 ft) crater lake, which has a greenish color as a result of dissolved minerals. Fumaroles are found on the lake floor, and hot springs occur on the eastern flank of the volcano.

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噴火履歴

概要 (VEI時系列)
バーをクリックすると個別の噴火が表示されます
1280~1332 · 1件 · 最大 VEI 61694~1745 · 2件 · 最大 VEI 21745~1797 · 2件 · 最大 VEI 212801383153916421745

詳細タイムライン

  1. 1797年VEI ?地質学的推定
    1797-02-04 ~ 進行中
  2. 1759年VEI 2地質学的推定
    1759 ~ 進行中
  3. 1740年VEI 2地質学的推定
    1740-12 ~ 進行中
  4. 1725年VEI 2地質学的推定
    1725 ~ 進行中
  5. 1280年VEI 6地質学的推定
    1280 ~ 進行中

外部リンク

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