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Fernandina

楯状火山 · Ecuador · 1476m

Dust clouds rise from Fernandina caldera on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 4 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Flat-topped benches mark the SE and NW ends of the elliptical caldera.
Dust clouds rise from Fernandina caldera on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 4 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Flat-topped benches mark the SE and NW ends of the elliptical caldera. · 写真: Photo by Tom Simkin, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
タイプ
楯状火山
国
Ecuador
地域
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Galapagos Hotspot Volcano Group
標高
1476m
座標
-0.370, -91.550
最終噴火
2024年
テクトニクス環境
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
火山地形
Shield
主要岩石
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
地質学的概要

Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes and the one closest to the Galápagos mantle plume, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 5 x 6.5 km summit caldera. The volcano displays the classic "overturned soup bowl" profile of Galápagos shield volcanoes. Its caldera is elongated in a NW-SE direction and formed during several episodes of collapse. Circumferential fissures surround the caldera and were instrumental in growth of the volcano. Reporting has been poor in this uninhabited western end of the archipelago, and even a 1981 eruption was not witnessed at the time. In 1968 the caldera floor dropped 350 m following a major explosive eruption. Subsequent eruptions, mostly from vents located on or near the caldera boundary faults, have produced lava flows inside the caldera as well as those in 1995 that reached the coast from a SW-flank vent. Collapse of a nearly 1 km3 section of the east caldera wall during an eruption in 1988 produced a debris-avalanche deposit that covered much of the caldera floor and absorbed the caldera lake.

Wikipedia の要約

英語版の要約

La Cumbre is a shield volcano on Fernandina Island in the Galápagos Islands. La Cumbre is also the youngest volcano in the Galápagos Islands.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · 記事全文を読む →

噴火履歴

概要 (VEI時系列)
バーをクリックすると個別の噴火が表示されます
950~1057 · 1件 · 最大 VEI 01057~1165 · 1件 · 最大 VEI 01487~1594 · 1件 · 最大 VEI 01809~1917 · 7件 · 最大 VEI 31917~2024 · 23件 · 最大 VEI 49501165148717021917

詳細タイムライン

  1. 2024年VEI 1観測記録
    2024-03-02 ~ 2024-05-08
    SE flank
  2. 2020年VEI 0観測記録
    2020-01-12 ~ 2020-01-13
  3. 2018年VEI 1観測記録
    2018-06-16 ~ 2018-06-21
    Radial fissure on NNE flank
  4. 2017年VEI 2観測記録
    2017-09-04 ~ 2017-09-08
    SSW caldera rim and La Cumbre crater
  5. 2009年VEI 2観測記録
    2009-04-10 ~ 2009-04-28
    SW flank (400 m)
  6. 2005年VEI 2観測記録
    2005-05-13 ~ 2005-05-29
    South caldera rim
  7. 1995年VEI 2観測記録
    1995-01-25 ~ 1995-04-08
    SW flank
  8. 1991年VEI 2観測記録
    1991-04-19 ~ 1991-04-24
    Base of ESE and NW caldera wall
  9. 1988年VEI 2観測記録
    1988-09-14 ~ 1988-09-16
    East caldera wall
  10. 1984年VEI 1観測記録
    1984-03-30 ~ 進行中
    NW corner of caldera
  11. 1981年VEI 0観測記録
    1981-08-01 ~ 進行中
    South caldera rim
  12. 1978年VEI 2観測記録
    1978-08-08 ~ 1978-08-26
    NW caldera bench
  13. 1977年VEI 1観測記録
    1977-03-23 ~ 1977-03-27
    SE caldera bench
  14. 1973年VEI 2観測記録
    1973-12-09 ~ 1973-12-16
    ESE caldera wall
  15. 1972年VEI 0観測記録
    1972-06-04 ~ 進行中
    SE caldera bench
  16. 1968年VEI 2観測記録
    1968-05-21 ~ 1968-05-23
    ESE flank (600 m)
  17. 1968年VEI 4観測記録
    1968-06-11 ~ 1968-07-04
    West caldera wall
  18. 1961年VEI 2観測記録
    1961-03-21 ~ 1961-09-16
    SE flank
  19. 1958年VEI 2観測記録
    1958-09-16 ~ 1958-12-30
    SE, SW and west caldera rim
  20. 1937年VEI 0観測記録
    1937-03 ~ 1937-04
  21. 1927年VEI 0観測記録
    1927-12-13 ~ 進行中
    South flank near Punta Mangle
  22. 1926年VEI ?観測記録
    1926 ~ 進行中
  23. 1917年VEI 0観測記録
    1917-05-14 ~ 進行中
    Cape Hammond (SW flank)
  24. 1888年VEI 1観測記録
    1888-04-10 ~ 進行中
  25. 1846年VEI 0観測記録
    1846-11-06 ~ 1846-11-24
    East flank
  26. 1825年VEI 3観測記録
    1825-02-14 ~ 1825-10
    East summit and SE flank
  27. 1819年VEI 2観測記録
    1819-05-15 ~ 1819-05-18
  28. 1817年VEI 2地質学的推定
    1817 ~ 進行中
    Volcano Uncertain: Western Galápagos
  29. 1814年VEI 2観測記録
    1814-07 ~ 1814-08
  30. 1813年VEI 2観測記録
    1813-07-14 ~ 進行中
    South flank
  31. 1550年VEI 0地質学的推定
    1550 ~ 進行中
  32. 1150年VEI 0地質学的推定
    1150 ~ 進行中
  33. 950年 (±500年)VEI 0地質学的推定
    950 ~ 進行中

外部リンク

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