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Menengai

순상화산 · Kenya · 2278m

Farmlands occupy the flanks of Menengai shield volcano on the floor of the East African Rift. A major explosive eruption about 8,000 years ago resulted in formation of the 12 x 8 km wide caldera seen in this Landsat image. More than 70 post-caldera lava flows cover the caldera floor, the youngest of which may be only a few hundred years old. Most lava flows erupted from vents near the center of the caldera and ponded against the caldera walls. The city of Nakuru lies at the bottom of the image, south of the caldera.
Farmlands occupy the flanks of Menengai shield volcano on the floor of the East African Rift. A major explosive eruption about 8,000 years ago resulted in formation of the 12 x 8 km wide caldera seen in this Landsat image. More than 70 post-caldera lava flows cover the caldera floor, the youngest of which may be only a few hundred years old. Most lava flows erupted from vents near the center of the caldera and ponded against the caldera walls. The city of Nakuru lies at the bottom of the image, south of the caldera. · 사진: NASA Landsat image, 1999 (courtesy of Hawaii Synergy Project, Univ. of Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology). · Wikimedia Commons
화산 유형
순상화산
국가
Kenya
지역
Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions / Kenyan Rift Volcanic Province
해발
2278m
좌표
-0.200, 36.070
마지막 분화
-6050년
판구조 환경
Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
화산 지형
Shield
주요 암석
Trachyte / Trachydacite
지질학적 요약

The massive Menengai shield volcano occupies the floor of the East African Rift. Construction of a 30 km3 shield volcano beginning about 200,000 years ago was followed by the eruption of two voluminous ash-flow tuffs, each preceded by major pumice falls. The first took place about 29,000 years ago and produced a large caldera. The second, producing about 30 km3 of compositionally zoned peralkaline trachytic magma about 8000 years ago, was associated with formation of the present-day 8 x 12 km summit caldera. More than 70 post-caldera lava flows cover the caldera floor, the youngest of which may be only a few hundred years old. No historical eruptions are known. Fumarolic activity is restricted to the caldera.

Wikipedia 요약

영어 요약

Menengai Crater is a massive shield volcano with one of the biggest calderas in the world, in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya. It is the largest volcano caldera in Kenya and the second largest volcano caldera in Africa. Volcanic formed rich loam soils enrich the adjacent farmland around its flanks. The crater is on the floor of the Rift Valley. The volcano formed about 200,000 years ago and the prominent 12 x 8 km caldera formed about 8000 years ago. The caldera floor is covered with numerous post caldera lava flows. The Menengai volcano is considered one of the best-preserved Krakatau-style calderas in the world. Menengai has very little sediment in the caldera which is a thick mass of lava boulders and inaccessible ridges. Volcanic activity continues and a current project under the GDC is at an advanced stage towards geothermal power generation.

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분화 이력

요약 (VEI 시계열)
막대를 클릭하면 개별 분화가 표시됩니다
7350 BCE~7220 BCE · 1건 · 최고 VEI ?6180 BCE~6050 BCE · 1건 · 최고 VEI 67350 BCE7090 BCE6700 BCE6440 BCE6180 BCE

상세 타임라인

  1. 기원전 6050년VEI 6지질학적 추정
    BCE 6050 ~ 진행 중
  2. 기원전 7350년 (±500년)VEI ?지질학적 추정
    BCE 7350 ~ 진행 중

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