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와카아리/화이트 섬

Whakaari/White Island

성층화산 · New Zealand · 294m

Steam rises from the crater of White Island (also called Whakaari), one of the most active volcanoes of New Zealand. The small, uninhabited 2 x 2.4-km-wide island lies 50 km NE of the North Island. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since 1826, and Maori legends record earlier eruptions. This view from the SE shows the two overlapping 0.4 x 1.2 km wide craters at the summit of the largely submerged volcano.
Steam rises from the crater of White Island (also called Whakaari), one of the most active volcanoes of New Zealand. The small, uninhabited 2 x 2.4-km-wide island lies 50 km NE of the North Island. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since 1826, and Maori legends record earlier eruptions. This view from the SE shows the two overlapping 0.4 x 1.2 km wide craters at the summit of the largely submerged volcano. · 사진: Copyrighted photo by Stephen O'Meara. · Wikimedia Commons
화산 유형
성층화산
국가
New Zealand
지역
Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
해발
294m
좌표
-37.520, 177.180
마지막 분화
2026년
판구조 환경
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
화산 지형
Composite
주요 암석
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
지질학적 요약

The uninhabited Whakaari/White Island is the 2 x 2.4 km emergent summit of a 16 x 18 km submarine volcano in the Bay of Plenty about 50 km offshore of North Island. The island consists of two overlapping andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcanoes. The SE side of the crater is open at sea level, with the recent activity centered about 1 km from the shore close to the rear crater wall. Volckner Rocks, sea stacks that are remnants of a lava dome, lie 5 km NW. Descriptions of volcanism since 1826 have included intermittent moderate phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and Strombolian eruptions; activity there also forms a prominent part of Maori legends. The formation of many new vents during the 19th and 20th centuries caused rapid changes in crater floor topography. Collapse of the crater wall in 1914 produced a debris avalanche that buried buildings and workers at a sulfur-mining project. Explosive activity in December 2019 took place while tourists were present, resulting in many fatalities. The official government name Whakaari/White Island is a combination of the full Maori name of Te Puia o Whakaari ("The Dramatic Volcano") and White Island (referencing the constant steam plume) given by Captain James Cook in 1769.

Wikipedia 요약

영어 요약

Whakaari / White Island, also known as White Island or Whakaari, is an active andesite stratovolcano situated 48 km (30 mi) from the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand, in the Bay of Plenty. The island covers an area of approximately 325 ha, which is just the peak of a much larger submarine volcano.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · 전체 기사 보기 →

분화 이력

요약 (VEI 시계열)
막대를 클릭하면 개별 분화가 표시됩니다
1826~1846 · 2건 · 최고 VEI 21846~1866 · 1건 · 최고 VEI 21866~1886 · 2건 · 최고 VEI 21886~1906 · 2건 · 최고 VEI 21906~1926 · 4건 · 최고 VEI 21926~1946 · 4건 · 최고 VEI 31946~1966 · 6건 · 최고 VEI 31966~1986 · 9건 · 최고 VEI 31986~2006 · 6건 · 최고 VEI 32006~2026 · 7건 · 최고 VEI 218261866192619662006

상세 타임라인

  1. 2026년VEI ?관측 기록
    2026-03-10 ~ 2026-03-24
  2. 2025년VEI ?관측 기록
    2025-08-28 ~ 2025-08-28
  3. 2024년VEI 1관측 기록
    2024-05-24 ~ 2025-05-13
  4. 2019년VEI 2관측 기록
    2019-12-09 ~ 2019-12-09
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  5. 2016년VEI 1관측 기록
    2016-09-13 ~ 2016-09-14
    2012 lava dome
  6. 2016년VEI 1관측 기록
    2016-04-27 ~ 2016-04-27
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  7. 2012년VEI 2관측 기록
    2012-08-07 ~ 2013-10-11
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  8. 2001년VEI 2관측 기록
    2001-02-19 ~ 2001-02-19
    MH vent
  9. 2000년VEI 3관측 기록
    2000-03-07 ~ 2000-09-05
    MH vent
  10. 1998년VEI 1관측 기록
    1998-03-28 ~ 1998-03-29
  11. 1998년VEI 2관측 기록
    1998-08-22 ~ 1999-08-16
    NW corner of 1978/90 crater complex
  12. 1995년VEI 1관측 기록
    1995-06-28 ~ 1995-06-29
    Wade Crater
  13. 1986년VEI 3관측 기록
    1986-02-01 ~ 1994-07-28
    Congress and numerous other craters
  14. 1983년VEI 2관측 기록
    1983-12-26 ~ 1984-02-12
    North margin of 1978 crater complex
  15. 1976년VEI 3관측 기록
    1976-12-18 ~ 1982-01-29
    Christmas, Gibrus, and 1978 craters
  16. 1974년VEI 2관측 기록
    1974-09-08 ~ 진행 중
    SE of Donald Mound,
  17. 1971년VEI 2관측 기록
    1971-04-09 ~ 진행 중
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  18. 1971년VEI 2관측 기록
    1971-07-19 ~ 1971-07-20
    South of Rudolf (1971 crater)
  19. 1970년VEI 2관측 기록
    1970-06-30 ~ 진행 중
    Rudolf vent
  20. 1969년VEI 2관측 기록
    1969-08-16 ~ 1969-09-16
    Rudolf vent
  21. 1968년VEI 3관측 기록
    1968-01-27 ~ 1969-02-16
    Rudolf vent (back wall of 1933 crater)
  22. 1966년VEI 3관측 기록
    1966-11-13 ~ 1967-03-16
    Gilliver Crater
  23. 1962년VEI 3관측 기록
    1962-12-15 ~ 진행 중
    Big John Crater
  24. 1959년VEI 2관측 기록
    1959-12-14 ~ 1959-12-20
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  25. 1958년VEI 1관측 기록
    1958-12-16 ~ 진행 중
    Noisy Nellie and 1933 craters
  26. 1957년VEI 2관측 기록
    1957-12-11 ~ 진행 중
  27. 1955년VEI 2관측 기록
    1955-01-16 ~ 진행 중
  28. 1947년VEI 2관측 기록
    1947-01 ~ 진행 중
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  29. 1933년VEI 3관측 기록
    1933-04-02 ~ 진행 중
    Foot of crater ridge (1933 crater)
  30. 1930년VEI 2관측 기록
    1930-03-16 ~ 진행 중
  31. 1928년VEI 1관측 기록
    1928-09-01 ~ 1928-09-03
    Between Big Donald and Lot's Wife
  32. 1926년VEI 2관측 기록
    1926-02-03 ~ 진행 중
    Little Donald vent
  33. 1924년VEI 2관측 기록
    1924 ~ 진행 중
    North end of crater (Schuberts Fairy?)
  34. 1922년VEI 2관측 기록
    1922 ~ 진행 중
    NW end of crater (Lot's Wife vent)
  35. 1909년VEI 2관측 기록
    1909-05-13 ~ 진행 중
  36. 1908년VEI 2지질학적 추정
    1908-11-28 ~ 1908-12-06
  37. 1886년VEI 2지질학적 추정
    1886-06-10 ~ 1886-06-15
  38. 1886년VEI 2관측 기록
    1886-09-16 ~ 1886-12
  39. 1885년VEI 2지질학적 추정
    1885-01 ~ 진행 중
  40. 1885년VEI 2관측 기록
    1885-10 ~ 진행 중
    West end of crater
  41. 1856년 (±8년)VEI 2지질학적 추정
    1856 ~ 진행 중
  42. 1836년 (±2년)VEI 2관측 기록
    1836 ~ 진행 중
  43. 1826년VEI 2관측 기록
    1826-12-01 ~ 진행 중

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