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마사야산

Masaya

칼데라 · Nicaragua · 594m

Masaya is one of Nicaragua's most unusual and most active volcanoes. It is a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300-m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The twin volcanoes of Nindirí and Masaya are seen here from the east caldera rim above Lake Masaya. Masaya has been frequently active since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted several attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold."
Masaya is one of Nicaragua's most unusual and most active volcanoes. It is a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300-m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The twin volcanoes of Nindirí and Masaya are seen here from the east caldera rim above Lake Masaya. Masaya has been frequently active since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted several attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold." · 사진: Photo by Jaime Incer. · Wikimedia Commons
화산 유형
칼데라
국가
Nicaragua
지역
중앙아메리카·카리브해 / Central America Volcanic Arc
해발
594m
좌표
11.984, -86.169
마지막 분화
2026년
판구조 환경
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
화산 지형
Caldera
주요 암석
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
지질학적 요약

Masaya volcano in Nicaragua has erupted frequently since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold" until it was found to be basalt rock upon cooling. It lies within the massive Pleistocene Las Sierras caldera and is itself a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300 m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents that erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The Nindirí and Masaya cones, the source of observed eruptions, were constructed at the southern end of the fracture system and contain multiple summit craters, including the currently active Santiago crater. A major basaltic Plinian tephra erupted from Masaya about 6,500 years ago. Recent lava flows cover much of the caldera floor and there is a lake at the far eastern end. A lava flow from the 1670 eruption overtopped the north caldera rim. Periods of long-term vigorous gas emission at roughly quarter-century intervals have caused health hazards and crop damage.

Wikipedia 요약

영어 요약

Masaya, also known historically by its aboriginal name Popogatepe in Nawat, is a caldera located in Masaya, Nicaragua, 20 km (12 mi) south of the capital Managua. It is Nicaragua's first and largest national park, and one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. The complex volcano is composed of a nested set of calderas and craters, the largest of which is Las Sierras shield volcano and caldera. Within this caldera lies a sub-vent, which is Masaya Volcano sensu stricto. The vent is a shield type composed of basaltic lavas and tephras and includes a summit crater. This hosts Masaya caldera, formed 2,500 years ago by an 8 km3 (1.9 cu mi) basaltic ignimbrite eruption. Inside this caldera a new basaltic complex has grown from eruptions mainly on a semi-circular set of vents that include the Masaya and Nindiri cones. The latter host the pit craters of Masaya, Santiago, Nindiri and San Pedro. Observations in the walls of the pit craters indicate that there have been several episodes of cone and pit crater formation.

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분화 이력

요약 (VEI 시계열)
막대를 클릭하면 개별 분화가 표시됩니다
4050 BCE~3848 BCE · 1건 · 최고 VEI 6209 BCE~7 BCE · 1건 · 최고 VEI 57 BCE~196 · 1건 · 최고 VEI 51409~1611 · 3건 · 최고 VEI 01611~1813 · 3건 · 최고 VEI 31813~2015 · 31건 · 최고 VEI 24050 BCE2635 BCE1017 BCE3981813

상세 타임라인

  1. 2015년VEI 1관측 기록
    2015-10-03 ~ 2026-03-31
    Santiago crater
  2. 2013년VEI 0관측 기록
    2013-04-11 ~ 2013-04-26
  3. 2012년VEI 1관측 기록
    2012-04-30 ~ 2012-06-08
    Santiago Crater
  4. 2008년VEI 1관측 기록
    2008-04-29 ~ 2008-12-17
    Santiago
  5. 2006년VEI 1관측 기록
    2006-08-04 ~ 2006-10-25
    Santiago
  6. 2005년VEI 1관측 기록
    2005-03-04 ~ 2005-03-30
    Santiago
  7. 2004년VEI 1지질학적 추정
    2004-07-04 ~ 2004-07-04
    Santiago
  8. 2003년VEI 1관측 기록
    2003-09-22 ~ 2003-12-12
    Santiago
  9. 2001년VEI 1관측 기록
    2001-04-23 ~ 2001-04-25
    Santiago
  10. 1999년VEI 1관측 기록
    1999-11-22 ~ 2000-03-02
    Santiago
  11. 1998년VEI 1관측 기록
    1998-09-14 ~ 1998-09-14
    Santiago
  12. 1997년VEI 1관측 기록
    1997-06-03 ~ 1997-11-17
    Santiago
  13. 1996년VEI 1관측 기록
    1996-12-05 ~ 1996-12-05
    Santiago
  14. 1993년VEI 1관측 기록
    1993-06-16 ~ 1994-11-16
    Santiago
  15. 1989년VEI 1관측 기록
    1989-02-20 ~ 1989-11-16
    Santiago
  16. 1987년VEI 1관측 기록
    1987-02-15 ~ 1987-02-22
    Santiago
  17. 1965년VEI 1관측 기록
    1965-10-10 ~ 1985-04-16
    Santiago
  18. 1948년VEI 1관측 기록
    1948-09-16 ~ 1948-09-16
    Santiago
  19. 1946년VEI 1관측 기록
    1946-06-16 ~ 1947-12-16
    Santiago
  20. 1925년VEI 2관측 기록
    1925-04-16 ~ 진행 중
    Santiago
  21. 1919년VEI 2관측 기록
    1919-07-02 ~ 1924-07-02
    Santiago
  22. 1918년VEI 1관측 기록
    1918-01-16 ~ 진행 중
    Santiago
  23. 1913년VEI 1관측 기록
    1913-07-12 ~ 진행 중
    Santiago
  24. 1906년VEI 2관측 기록
    1906-01-02 ~ 1906-01-09
    Santiago and upper NE flank near El Pelón
  25. 1904년VEI 2관측 기록
    1904-05-16 ~ 1904-06-16
    Santiago
  26. 1902년VEI 2관측 기록
    1902-07-15 ~ 1903-11-16
    Santiago
  27. 1858년VEI ?지질학적 추정
    1858-04-16 ~ 진행 중
  28. 1858년VEI 2관측 기록
    1858-11-10 ~ 1859-03-27
    Santiago, San Pedro
  29. 1856년VEI 2관측 기록
    1856-12-16 ~ 1857-01-16
    Santiago or San Pedro
  30. 1853년VEI 1관측 기록
    1853-04-09 ~ 1853-09-15
    Santiago
  31. 1852년VEI 2관측 기록
    1852-06-16 ~ 1852-07-16
    Between Masaya and Nindirí Craters
  32. 1772년VEI 2관측 기록
    1772-03-16 ~ 1772-03-25
    North side of Old Masaya Crater
  33. 1670년VEI 3관측 기록
    1670 ~ 진행 중
    Nindirí
  34. 1613년VEI 0지질학적 추정
    1613 ~ 진행 중
    Nindirí
  35. 1570년VEI 0관측 기록
    1570 ~ 1586
    Nindirí
  36. 1551년VEI 0관측 기록
    1551 ~ 진행 중
    Nindirí
  37. 1524년VEI 0관측 기록
    1524 ~ 1544
    Nindirí
  38. 150년VEI 5지질학적 추정
    150 ~ 진행 중
  39. 기원전 170년 (±100년)VEI 5지질학적 추정
    BCE 170 ~ 진행 중
  40. 기원전 4050년VEI 6지질학적 추정
    BCE 4050 ~ 진행 중
    NW of caldera

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